Iron nanoparticles for plant nutrition: Synthesis, transformation, and utilization by the roots of Cucumis sativus

Abstract Nanotechnology has been evolving in the past decades as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. Ferrihydrite nanoparticles that model available Fe pool of soils are proposed be used recover deficiency plants. Nevertheless, ferrihydrite aqueous suspensions known undergo slow transformation a mixture goethite and hematite, which may influence its biological availability. Several nanocolloid differing surfactant type were prepared for plant treatment fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy 57 Mössbauer spectroscopy supported magnetic measurements. The rate final mineral composition revealed all applied surfactants. Nanomaterials at different stages transformations subject physiological experiments aiming comparing behavior accessibility manufactured nanoscale iron(III) oxide oxide–hydroxide particles. Graphical abstract